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Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a condition that arises when there is obstruction of the superior vena cava, which is the large vein that carries blood from the head, neck, and upper extremities back to the heart. Classic signs of this syndrome are primarily related to the physical changes that occur due to the obstruction in blood flow.

Facial edema and dyspnea are hallmark symptoms of SVCS. The obstruction results in increased venous pressure, which leads to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the face, neck, and sometimes even the arms, causing noticeable swelling or edema. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, occurs because the obstruction can impede normal blood flow and cause congestion in the lungs, making it harder for individuals to breathe properly.

The other options presented, while they may be associated with various medical conditions, are not characteristic of SVCS. Fever and chills, loss of appetite and weight loss, as well as nausea and vomiting, can indicate a variety of other issues but do not specifically reflect the pathophysiology associated with superior vena cava syndrome.